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Chapter 8, Mishna 1 National conflicts in our world are paralleled by conflicts among the nations’ guardian angels in the upper world. Daniel’s righteousness below empowered the angel Gabriel above. Just as it is prohibited to bathe one’s whole body on Yom Kippur, it is prohibited to wash part of oneself, but if one is filthy he may certainly wash off the filth. One may also cross a stream to learn from his teacher, and not worry that he is “bathing.” One should not, however, endanger oneself by entering waters flowingabove one’s waist.